Numerical Modeling of Air Flows in an Underground Cavity Connected to the Surface by a Shaft
Underground cavities known as "marnières", typically consisting of a cavity 1 to 3 meters high and connected to the surface by a vertical shaft 20 to 40 meters deep and 1 to 2 meters in diameter, were historically dug by farmers—especially during the 19th century—to extract chalk used as fertilizer.




